A Practical Guide to Illinois Firearm Laws
Illinois has some of the most complex firearms regulations in the United States. Between state-specific requirements like the FOID card, municipal ordinances that vary by city, and recent legislative changes including the Protect Illinois Communities Act (assault weapons ban), understanding what is legal and what is not requires careful attention. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the key Illinois gun laws that every firearm owner and prospective buyer should understand in 2026. This is educational information, not legal advice. Always consult with a qualified attorney for specific legal questions.
As a licensed FFL dealer in Oak Lawn, IL, Ernie's Arms Accessories stays current on all Illinois firearms legislation to ensure every transaction we conduct is fully compliant. If you have questions about what you can and cannot purchase, schedule a consultation and we will help clarify the requirements.
FOID Card Requirement
Illinois is one of the few states requiring a Firearm Owner's Identification card to purchase or possess firearms and ammunition. The FOID card is issued by the Illinois State Police and costs $10, valid for 10 years. Without a valid FOID, you cannot legally purchase from a dealer, receive a transfer, or possess firearms within the state. For a complete walkthrough of the FOID process, see our dedicated FOID card guide.
Background Checks
All firearm purchases from a licensed dealer require a National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) check. Additionally, Illinois maintains its own background check system that cross-references state records. Both checks occur when you complete ATF Form 4473 at the dealer. When you purchase from Ernie's Arms Accessories or complete an FFL transfer, we handle the entire background check submission process.
Waiting Periods
Illinois mandates a 72-hour waiting period for handgun purchases and a 24-hour waiting period for long guns (rifles and shotguns). The clock starts when the NICS check is initiated. There are no exemptions for FOID holders, CCL holders, or law enforcement. You will need to make two trips to the dealer: one to complete paperwork and start the background check, and a second to pick up your firearm after the waiting period. Read more about the complete purchase process in our first-time buyer guide.
Concealed Carry (CCL)
Illinois became the last state to allow concealed carry in 2013 with the passage of the Illinois Concealed Carry Act (430 ILCS 66). To carry a concealed firearm, you must possess a valid Concealed Carry License (CCL) in addition to your FOID card. The CCL requires completion of a 16-hour training course from an ISP-approved instructor and a separate application through the ISP. See our best concealed carry handguns guide for recommendations on carry firearms.
Protect Illinois Communities Act (Assault Weapons Ban)
Signed into law in January 2023, the Protect Illinois Communities Act (HB 5471) prohibits the sale, purchase, and manufacture of certain semi-automatic firearms, .50 caliber rifles, and magazines over specific capacity limits. Existing owners who possessed these items before the law's effective date were required to register them with the ISP. This law significantly impacts what firearms are available for purchase in Illinois. At Ernie's Arms Accessories, we only stock and transfer firearms that are fully compliant with current Illinois law. If you have questions about whether a specific firearm is legal to purchase in Illinois, contact us before ordering.
Transportation of Firearms
When transporting firearms in Illinois, the firearm must be unloaded and enclosed in a case, firearm carrying box, shipping box, or other container. CCL holders may transport loaded concealed handguns on their person or within their vehicle. Non-CCL holders must ensure firearms are unloaded, cased, and not immediately accessible during transport. Ammunition should be stored separately from the firearm during transport for non-CCL holders.
Local Ordinances
Many Illinois municipalities have their own additional firearms ordinances. Chicago and Cook County, for example, have historically imposed additional restrictions beyond state law. Always verify the rules in your specific municipality. As a dealer serving 65+ communities across the Greater Chicago area, we are familiar with local variations and can help you understand the rules in your area.
Stay Informed
Illinois firearms law continues to evolve. Follow our blog for updates on legislative changes, and contact Ernie's Arms Accessories any time you have questions about compliance. We are committed to ensuring every customer understands their rights and responsibilities as a firearm owner in Illinois. Browse our full range of services or visit our about page to learn more about our commitment to compliance and education.